Operators in C - Electronics Projects

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What is Operators in C?

In C programming language, operators are symbols that perform various operations on operands such as variables, constants, and expressions. Operators are used to perform various tasks such as arithmetic operations, logical operations, comparison operations, and bit-wise operations.

Operators are used to manipulate data in a program and to perform various computations. C programming language supports a wide range of operators, including arithmetic operators, logical operators, comparison operators, assignment operators, bitwise operators, and conditional operators.

What is Operands in C?

An operand is a value or expression that is used as input to an operator. An operator is a symbol or keyword that performs a specific operation on one or more operands, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or comparison.

For example, in the expression a + b, a and b are operands and the + symbol is the operator. In the expression x > y, x and y are operands and the > symbol is the operator.

In C, operands can be of different data types such as integers, floating-point numbers, characters, pointers, or user-defined data types. The data type of an operand determines how it is stored in memory and how it can be used with operators.

Operands can also be constants or variables. A constant is a fixed value that cannot be changed during program execution, while a variable is a named storage location that can hold a value that can change during program execution.

Types of Operators in C:

1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on operands. These operators include:

Sr. No.	Operator Name	Operator Symbol	Information
1	Addition	+	Adds two operands together.
2	Subtraction	–	Subtracts the second operand from the first.
3	Multiplication	*	Multiplies two operands together.
4	Division	/	Divides the first operand by the second.
5	Modulus	%	Returns the remainder after division.

2. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to perform logical operations on operands. These operators include:

Sr. No.	Operator Name	Operator Symbol	Information
1	Logical AND	&&	Returns true if both operands are true.
2	Logical OR	\|\|	Returns true if either operand is true.
3	Logical NOT	!	Returns the opposite of the operand.

3. Increment and Decrement Operators

Increment and Decrement operators are used to increase or decrease the value of a variable by one respectively.

Sr. No.	Operator Name	Operator Symbol	Information
1	Increment	++	Increases the value of a variable by one.
2	Decrement	—	Decreases the value of a variable by one.

4. Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two operands. These operators include:

Sr. No.	Operator Name	Operator Symbol	Information
1	Equal to	==	Returns true if both operands are true.
2	Not equal to	!=	Returns true if both operands are not equal.
3	Greater than	>	Returns true if the first operand is greater than the second.
4	Less than	<	Returns true if the first operand is less than the second.
5	Greater than or equal to	>=	Returns true if the first operand is greater than or equal to the second.
6	Less than or equal to	<=	Returns true if the first operand is less than or equal to the second.

5. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable. These operators include:

Sr. No.	Operator Name	Operator Symbol	Information
1	Assign	=	Assigns the value of the right operand to the left operand.
2	Add and Assign	+=	Adds the value of the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
3	Subtract and Assign	-=	Subtracts the value of the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
4	Multiply and Assign	*=	Multiplies the value of the right operand by the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
5	Divide and Assign	/=	Divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.
6	Modulus and Assign	%=	Applies modulus operation on the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

6. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations on operands. These operators include:

Sr. No.	Operator Name	Operator Symbol	Information
1	Bitwise AND	&	Performs a bitwise AND operation on the operands.
2	Bitwise OR	\|	Performs a bitwise OR operation on the operands.
3	Bitwise NOT	~	Inverts the bits of the operand.
4	Bitwise XOR	^	Performs a bitwise XOR (exclusive OR) operation on the operands.
5	Left Shift	<<	Shifts the bits of the left operand to the left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
6	Right Shift	>>	Shifts the bits of the left operand to the right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

7. Conditional Operator (Ternary Operator)

Conditional operator is also known as ternary operator. It is a shorthand way of writing an if-else statement and is used to make decisions based on a condition. It is used to evaluate a condition and return a value based on that condition. It takes three operands, and the syntax is as follows:

(condition ? expression1 : expression2)

Explanation:

The condition is a Boolean expression that evaluates to either true or false. If the condition is true, then the value of expression1 is returned, otherwise the value of expression2 is returned.

Example:

Here is an example that uses the conditional operator to determine the maximum of two numbers:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
   int a = 5, b = 10, max;
   max = (a > b) ? a : b;
   printf("The maximum of %d and %d is %d\n", a, b, max);
   return 0;
}

Output:

The maximum of 5 and 10 is 10